Edinburgh (Scottish: Edinburgh; Dun Eideann is the capital of Scotland, located on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth in the central lowlands of Scotland. It covers an area of 260 square kilometers. Founded in 1329, it was the capital of Scotland from 1437 to 1707. The paper and printing and publishing industries have a long history, and shipbuilding, chemicals, nuclear energy, electronics, cables, glass and food industries are also important. With the development of the North Sea oil fields, a series of related industries and services were established. Important transportation hub, airport.
Edinburgh had been the capital of Scotland since the 15th century, but in 1603 and 1707 political power moved south to London. Autonomy for the Scottish Parliament was only established in 1999. Important cultural institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the National Galleries of Scotland are also located in Edinburgh. Economically, Edinburgh is now mainly dependent on the financial industry, and is the largest financial center in the UK outside of London.
Edinburgh has a long history and many of its historic buildings are well preserved. Edinburgh Castle, Holyroodhouse, St. Giles Cathedral and other attractions are located here. Edinburgh’s Old Town and New Town are listed as World Heritage Sites by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. In 2004 Edinburgh became the world’s first city of literature. Edinburgh’s education is also very developed, the University of Edinburgh, one of the oldest universities in the UK, is located here, and is still the world’s top university. According to the 2023 QS data [5], the University of Edinburgh ranks 15th in the world, ranking first in Scotland and fifth in the United Kingdom. Together with cultural events such as the Edinburgh International Festival, Edinburgh is the second most visited city after London.
Basic situation
There are many political and cultural centers and monuments, and it is an important birthplace of Scottish history and culture.
Situated on the east coast of Scotland at the mouth of the sea, perched on a long stretch of volcanic ash and rocky cliffs, Edinburgh has a privileged location compared to most European cities, being the centre of the southern Lowlands and the capital of Scotland, full of unique Scottish charm, and is today the seventh largest city in the United Kingdom. A local genius writer praised, “There is no place more fitting to be called the premier of the kingdom; The city centre is divided into two parts: the Old Town, dominated by the world famous castle and surrounded by elegant cobblestone corridors that link Scotland’s past and present. The New town is elegant and brilliant Georgian design.
The city is close to England and has historically fought against threats from England. Many patriots still do not want Scotland to join the United Kingdom, and still want to restore self-government. They respect the spirit of self-sufficiency and have a strong sense of self-reliance.
In addition, Edinburgh is not only a political center, but also a cultural center. The famous Edinburgh International Festival often attracts first-class artistic groups from all over the world to put on wonderful performances here.
Although Edinburgh is not as big as London, it has a unique culture and history, and an intelligent eye for appreciating other cultures. This little city has the power to hold up all of Scotland.
In Edinburgh, the city centre and other major attractions are within walking distance. We took this small, small city and transformed it a little bit, thinking of it as a shield. We will have a better understanding and closeness to Edinburgh, which adheres to the Scottish tradition.
The main road extending vertically in the middle is the street represented by North Bridge Road. It is intersected almost vertically by the Royal Mile from Edinburgh Castle to the Palace of the Holy Cross. These two main lines divide Edinburgh roughly into four zones. District 1 is the northwest area, the bustling downtown area, and District 2 is the southwest area, where universities, residential areas and entertainment facilities such as theaters are concentrated.
Historical event
The castle was built in the 6th century.
King Edwin rebuilt the castle in the 7th century.
In 1128, the Monastery of the Holy Cross, the predecessor of the Palace of Saint Rood, was founded.
The city was officially established in 1329.
The capital of the Kingdom of Scotland from 1437 to 1707.
The University of Edinburgh was founded in 1583.
The Edinburgh International Festival began in 1947.
Historically, Edinburgh was the capital of the independent Kingdom of Scotland. After the marriage of England and Scotland, the royal family officially merged in 1707 and became part of the United Kingdom, so the British royal family is still Scottish. Today, as the capital of Scotland, Edinburgh has a population of only about 700,000 people, and tourists come here. According to early estimates, the largest art exhibition in Europe has seen the highest number of visitors in its history, with millions turning out for the event.
Urban characteristics
Edinburgh is the most distinctive city in Scotland. Edinburgh’s proximity to England, its multicultural population, and its thriving tourism industry make the city quite different. In Edinburgh, there are all kinds of clubs in buildings built since the 15th century, and there are many firebreathers outside Georgian buildings, which is the intersection of ancient and modern time and space.
Edinburgh has a number of magnificent buildings, including ancient churches and Victorian architectural masterpieces.
These classic buildings can be seen from the castle on the steep cliff in the city center. Just walk down a street and you will be amazed by the beauty and momentum of the battlements, the cold volcanic peaks and the towering mountains.
Every summer, Edinburgh hosts the world’s largest arts festival, and the city’s streets become bustling with activity. Edinburgh also has its downsides, such as less-than-ideal residential areas and capricious weather. But don’t let that stop you from finding Edinburgh’s beauty. Edinburgh is a hodgepodge, but its swaggering cultural identity is far more than a few stoners can represent. Traditional Scottish culture should make you feel warm from the inside

Economy
Edinburgh’s economy is strong, with the highest professional workforce (employees with degrees and professional certificates) ratio in the UK at 43%. The average gross value added of its employees is second only to London in the UK.
Edinburgh has been one of the economic centres of Scotland for the past three hundred years, with its winemaking, banking, insurance, printing and publishing industries thriving in the 19th century and now mainly dependent on financial institutions, scientific research, higher education and tourism. Founded in 1695 by the Scottish Parliament and headquartered in Edinburgh, the Royal Bank of Scotland became a subsidiary of Lloyds Banking Group in 2009, making it the second oldest surviving bank in the UK. Together with financial insurance companies such as Scottish Widows and Standard Life, Edinburgh is the UK’s second largest financial centre after London. In October 2005, Royal Bank of Scotland opened a new global headquarters on the outskirts of Edinburgh. Tesco Bank and Virgin Money are also headquartered in Edinburgh. As a pillar industry of Edinburgh, tourism also plays an important role in the city’s economic development. Because Edinburgh has this Edinburgh Castle, Holyroodhouse and many other places of interest. The Edinburgh International Festival sees more visitors every year. In addition, it is the capital of Scotland, and many government departments are located in Edinburgh, so the influence of government departments in Edinburgh’s economy is also quite significant.
Traffic
Edinburgh Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Scotland and is the main international gateway to Edinburgh, with the Edinburgh Tram connecting to the city. The airport was proposed for expansion by operator BAA (British Airports Authority) in 2011, but the airport was sold to Global Infrastructure Partners in 2012.
Transport within Edinburgh is mainly by bus, with Lothian Buses providing transport around the city and the surrounding area, with most routes running through Princes Street. In addition to regular buses, Lothian Buses also operates the city’s tour buses, night buses and airport buses. The company serves approximately 120 million passengers per year.
Edinburgh Waverley Station is the second busiest platform in Scotland after Glasgow Central Station. The station has 20 platforms, [10] making it the second most populous railway station in the UK. Varley Station is the terminus for most trains from King’s Cross and the departure point for most trains of Scottish Railways [11]. Haymarket railway station in the west of the city is another important commuter point. The Crossrail connects the eastern and western ends of the city.
To tackle congestion, six park-and-ride stations have opened in Edinburgh, at Sheriffhall, Ingliston, Riccarton, Inwickison (in Fife), Newcraighall and Straiton. The February 2005 Edinburgh referendum overturned the congestion charge introduced by the Edinburgh government.
The Edinburgh Tram service began on 31 May 2014, and the last tram to operate was the Edinburgh Tram Company, which ceased service on 16 November 1956. The tram system was expected to cost £545 million to build, but was actually built at £750 million in mid-2011, and the total cost was even higher when it was completed in 2014. The tram line ran for 8.7 miles (14.0 km) from Edinburgh Airport station in the west of the city to its current terminus at York Place station on the east edge of the city centre. Further expansion plans have been proposed.
Edinburgh’s attractions are basically concentrated in the vicinity of Princes Street, generally on foot, but if you are far from the city center of the hotel or to Edinburgh seaside to play will take the bus. There are so many buses here that the Edinburgh city bus service time is divided into two periods. There are night buses from midnight to 4:30 am [7] and day buses during the rest of the day. A single day bus ticket costs £2 and a day pass costs £5. [6] It takes about 1 hour and 15 minutes to travel from London Heathrow and Catwick airports. The journey from London’s King’s Cross station to Waverley Railway Station takes about 4 hours and 15 minutes. Or take the night bus from London Victoria Passenger Station.
There are double-decker buses in the city of Edinburgh, and most routes are concentrated on Princes Street in the New town. Buy a same-day pass (£5), which allows you to travel as much as you want on the day, and can be ordered in advance. Visitors to the “Edinburgh Classic Tour” run by Edinburgh’s Rogian Local Transport Authority can take any sightseeing bus in one day.
As in London, taxis can be found on the street, mostly in black Austin. The fee is cheap. At the West Shipping Building at Danhouse Airport, there are counters for major car rental companies such as Avis and Eurocar, and you can travel immediately with an international passport.
Getting around Edinburgh by bike is a great option, but of course you should plan your route carefully in advance to avoid getting lost. The winding lanes of the EAST LOTHIAN countryside are best explored by bicycle.
Education
Students in Edinburgh make up 20% of the city’s population. Established by Royal Charter in 1583, the University of Edinburgh is one of the classical universities in the United Kingdom and the fourth oldest university in Scotland. Originally centered around the Old College, the campus with the largest student population is now King’s Buildings in the Polytechnic. In the QS World University Rankings 2013, the University of Edinburgh is ranked 17th.
Heriot-watt University was granted university status in 1966 and its history can be traced back to 1821. Edinburgh Napier University was founded in 1964 and gained university status in 1992. Queen Margaret University was originally based in Edinburgh, but moved to Musselborough in 2008.
As of 2012, further education colleges in Edinburgh include Jewell and Esk College, Telford College Edinburgh, and Stevenson College. These schools were subsequently merged to form Edinburgh College. Other existing colleges include the Scottish School of Architecture, the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.
Edinburgh has 18 nurseries, 94 primary schools and 23 secondary schools. Among its authors is the Royal High School of Edinburgh, one of the oldest schools in the world. In addition, there are several independent schools in the city, which monopolize 24.2% of the city’s students. In August 2013, Edinburgh City Council opened the city’s first Gaelic primary school, Parkside Primary School (Bun-sgoil Taobh na Pairce).
Edinburgh has created many outstanding talents, many writers, philosophers, economists, historians, scientists with world influence were born or lived here, such as Scott, Stevenson, Darwin, Hume and so on, the city stands their monuments, their old houses become historic preservation relics. Every summer and autumn Edinburgh hosts a three-week international festival of music and theatre. Arrondissement 3 is around the Palace of the Holy Cross. Zone 4 is the area around Calton Hill, which overlooks the city of Edinburgh.

Culture
Festival celebration
Edinburgh hosts the Edinburgh Festival each year from late July to early September, which consists of several sub-festivals. Authors include the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, the Edinburgh International Festival, the Edinburgh Military Show and the Edinburgh International Book Festival. Other festivals include the Edinburgh Mountaineering Film Festival in February, the Edinburgh International Technology Festival in April, and the Edinburgh International Film Festival in June. One of the most important festivals is the Edinburgh Military Show, which takes place at Edinburgh Castle. Not only will the British Army perform, but some foreign troops will also take part.
New Year’s Eve was originally a folk festival centred around Tron Kirk, a church in Old Town’s High Street, which was officially recognised in 1993 when the venue was moved to Princes Street. In 1996, more than 300,000 people attended the New Year’s Eve festival, and the turnout was so large that a limit of 100,000 people was imposed for next year’s festival. The New Year’s Eve classic now lasts four days and includes music, fireworks and other performances.
Musical drama
Edinburgh also has a wealth of cultural activities during the week. There are many theatres in the city, such as the King’s Theatre, Edinburgh Festival Theatre and Edinburgh Playhouse. The Travers Theatre is famous for its modern plays. Amateur plays are also performed at Castle Hill Theatre and the King’s Theatre.
Arthur Hall is Edinburgh’s main concert hall for classical music, and occasionally hosts pop music concerts. The concert hall hosted the 1972 Eurovision Song Contest. The Scottish Chamber Orchestra is also based in Edinburgh. The Midobank and Murrayfield stadiums also occasionally host major concerts. In 2010, the Music Rights Society listed Edinburgh as one of the top 10 music cities in the UK. Many composers also lived here.
Museum
There are many museums and libraries in Edinburgh, including the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland, the National War Museum of Scotland, and the Museum of Edinburgh.
The three national galleries of Scotland – the Scottish National Gallery, the Scottish National Portrait Gallery and the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art – are located in Edinburgh, as well as many smaller galleries such as the Fruit Market Gallery and the Ngribi Gallery.
Gourmet
The Ghost Restaurant is famous in Edinburgh and always has a full house. The Ghost restaurant wins with atmosphere and delicious, from the narrow door of the first floor through a small walkway, and then turn to the basement, the coming is the mysterious atmosphere of the air, dim indoor light and half-high patio with a strange combination, soft-spoken customers and professional waiters, but also make the restaurant full of wonderful air.
During the day and night, the ghost restaurant has a completely different taste, and the sunlight through the floor-to-ceiling Windows during the day makes the room darker, like a mysterious stranger hiding behind the light; The candle flickers at night, making it difficult to distinguish between dreams and reality. Ghost Restaurant offers different themed ghost Tours every night, divided into Ghost & Gore Tour and Murder & Mystery Tour, both of which depart from outside the Ghost restaurant.
Travel time
The best time to visit Edinburgh is from May to September, but no matter when you go, you are most likely to encounter both sun and rain. The summer days are relatively long, followed by endless nights. Winter in Edinburgh is cold and the days are short, but since there are so many interesting things to do, it is well worth visiting this season. Edinburgh is very crowded during the main festivals (August to early September, New Year’s 1 January), remember to book your hotel room in advance.
Standard time zone: 0 Time zone UTC/GMT 0 hours
Daylight Saving Time Zone: +1 hour (Local time zone equivalent: +1 time zone UTC/GMT +1 hour)
DST start time: 2011-3-27 1:00:00
DST end time: 2011-10-30 2:00:00
Tourist attraction
Edinburgh is like a magnificent set for a medieval play, with spires, castles, cliffs and classical stone columns. Because of the history of fighting against the threat from England, Edinburgh people have formed the national character of advocating independence and freedom. The stately Edinburgh Castle is a symbol of this character. Georgian houses, wonderful museums and awe-inspiring castles line the streets, making this Scottish capital the best place to see north of Hadrian’s Wall. Edinburgh also has a bookish side, with theatres, museums and galleries all over this small city. The famous Edinburgh International Festival brings together leading arts groups from all over the world and attracts more art lovers than locals each year during the festival. During the Neoclassical period, writers, artists and critics gathered in Edinburgh, earning it the reputation of the “Athens of the North”.
Edinburgh Castle
Visitors to Edinburgh will not miss Edinburgh Castle, as it is located on the granite top of an extinct volcano and can be seen from all corners of the city centre. Edinburgh Castle became a royal fortress in the 6th century, Queen Margaret died here in 1093, Edinburgh Castle has since become an important royal residence and national administrative center, continued to the Middle Ages has been one of Britain’s important royal castles, until the early 16th century, the Palace of Holyroodhouse was completed, It replaced Edinburgh Castle as the main residence of the royal family, but Edinburgh Castle remains an important symbol of Scotland.
The famous Mons Meg guns were built in Belgium in 1449 and returned to Edinburgh in 1829 after more than 200 years of battles, where they are now housed in the Castle Vaults and the Palace, which houses Scottish treasures such as the Scottish Crown Jewels, designed in 1540. Along with other imperial scepters, swords and other relics are placed in the crown room. Edinburgh Castle is also home to the National War Museum of Scotland and the Museum of the United Forces of Scotland.
Royal Mile
The Royal Mile is the most famous area of Edinburgh, and the main tourist attractions are all on this avenue which is connected by four streets, from west to east, namely Castle Hill, Lawnmarket, High Street and Canongate. The Royal Mile, with Edinburgh Castle and Holyroodhouse at both ends, was an important royal residence in Scotland in the past, making the Royal Mile connecting the two places an important road in medieval Edinburgh.
Whiskey center
Of course, you can’t miss the famous Scotch whisky when you come to Scotland. There are four major producing areas of Scotch whisky, namely Highland, Lowland, I slay and Campbeltown. Speyside in the Highlands is the most famous whisky producing area in Scotland. If you want to see the secrets of Scotch whisky, you must visit the Scotch Whisky Centre, located near Edinburgh Castle.
The Scotch Whisky Center provides visitors with basic whisky knowledge, including the history, production process, physical model, and of course, you can also taste the taste of pure Scotch whisky for free. The whole visit process is about 1 hour.
Under the leadership of the staff, we will first give an overview of the distilling method of whisky and the evolution of the whisky making process since ancient times, and then further explain the two main classifications of whisky: single distilling (Malt) and multi-blended. The next tour is an interesting electric pleasure car, similar to the time and space tunnel, with model characters, real scenes to bring out the recent 300 years of history of Scotch whisky, and the final taste time can be judged by the tip of the tongue.
How to taste Scotch whisky? First of all, carefully observe the color, the clearer the color means the lighter the age of the wine, if the color into honey color means that the whiskey has about 20 years of history, then to smell the taste, if you are afraid that it is not easy to distinguish, you can add a little water to it, the first time a shallow smell, the second time and then a deep breath, I believe there will be a different smell.
The highlight of the taste is to drink wine on the mouth, drink first, stay in the mouth for a while, savor, whether it smells the same as the taste? How does exposure to air change taste? Never pick up the glass and dry it all, that will spoil the famous Scotch whisky.
Tartan weaving factory
Tartan is the biggest feature of Scottish clothing, especially the men wearing Scottish tartan skirt, always many people mention Scotland’s first impression, in fact, Scottish tartan depending on the combination of colors and styles, and have different meanings, representing different Scottish clans, Edinburgh city can be seen everywhere selling Scotch scarves, skirts and sweaters shops. Here you can not only see the production process, but also wear the full Scottish costume for photos.
The first floor of the tartan knitting factory is the merchandise sales area, there are many different price levels of Scottish cloth goods, you can choose cheap souvenirs here, but the design style is universal; Further inside is the production factory, with a variety of weaving machines and raw materials, you can also try your own DIY fun.
The Graystone House
The seemingly unimpressive Graystone House is actually the best example of Edinburgh’s 17th century traditional architecture, and is also a representative of Edinburgh’s old Town architecture, which is in stark contrast to the Georgian House in the New Town.
The owner of Greystone House was a wealthy 17th century merchant, Thomas Gledstanes, who rented the house to other tenants of different professions, so each room in Greystone House can be seen to have a different arrangement and character.
Greystone House, located in the Royal Mile, is decorated as it was 300 years ago. Among the areas open to visitors on the two floors, it is worth paying special attention to the painted patterns on the ceiling and the sales counter at the entrance of the first floor, which dates back to 1620 and is the oldest old house in Edinburgh’s Old Town. There are detailed instructions for each room to use.
Story museum
Your story is the story of Edinburgh, and this museum is mainly dedicated to the memory of Edinburgh’s ancestors, who built Edinburgh into what it is today in difficult circumstances.
The museum is mainly divided into two main themes, one is the use of various sets and props to reproduce the history of Edinburgh for decades, a variety of different industry expertise to perform their duties, the construction of homes, the other is the exhibition of important relics of Edinburgh, but also let visitors have a further understanding of the evolution of Edinburgh.
Children’s museum
The Children’s Museum has been dubbed the noisiest museum in the world. The 4-story museum houses a wide variety of children’s toys, from cradle babies to teenagers’ favorite toys, in addition to toys, there are many collections of childhood history and themes, such as traditional circus props, automatic toys, movie flyers, muppet clothes, textbooks, etc. Not only children can see a variety of toys of different eras, but also adults who remain childlike can relive their childhood dreams here.
The Palace of Holyroodhouse
At the top of the other end of the Royal Mile is the Palace of Holyroodhouse and the vast Holyroodhouse Park. Holyroodhouse is still the royal residence of the Queen of England when she came to Scotland. Holyroodhouse has witnessed many stories of Scottish history and was built by James V in 1498.
Holyroodhouse was formerly Holyroodhouse Abbey (HolyRood Abbey), there are still parts of the ruins in the palace, 1128 Scottish King David I to the vast forest southwest of Edinburgh hunting, miraculously survived the attack of a wild deer, so the building of Holyroodhouse to thank the miracle, Later James V built a palace, and what is now Holyrood Park is part of that vast forest.
There have been many events in the history of Holyroodhouse, the most famous of which is Queen Mary of Scots, known as the most beautiful woman at the time, who married the French royal family at the age of 15, and returned to Scotland at the age of 19 when her husband died, and rose to the throne among the people, but was accused of murdering her second husband, shortly after her third marriage, Queen Mary lost her throne in a rebellion and fled to England, where she was imprisoned for 19 years before being executed for attempting to claim the English throne.
After visiting the Palace of Holyroodhouse, take a walk to Holyroodhouse Park, where the Edinburgh Festival sometimes holds open-air performances, and behind the park is an extinct volcano shaped like a lion, the top of which is called Arthur’s Seat.
Cathedral
To the east of the intersection of Bank St and George IV Bridge lies Parliament Square, home to St Elise’s Cathedral. At the entrance to the church is a life-size statue of John Knox. He served as priest from 1559 to 1572. Knox issued an uncompromising declaration of Calvinism at St. Elise’s Cathedral and launched the Scottish Reform movement.
Holy Lutheran Park
Edinburgh is blessed to have this truly green space in St Luther’s Park. Once a hunting ground for Scottish monarchs, it has 263 acres of varied terrain, mountains, bogs, lakes and wilderness. The highest point in the park is Arthur’s Throne (251 meters, 823 feet), which is actually a remnant of a lava flow left over 325 million years ago. Kelton Hill and the cornerstone of the castle are also part of the volcano. Visitors can drive or cycle around the park along the Queen’s Highway, which also has several quiet wooded paths.
The Royal Museum of Scotland, on Chambers St, is a Victorian-style building whose solid grey exterior contrasts sharply with the steel beams and glass roof of its large, bright lobby. The exhibits range from the natural world (biological evolution, giants, geology, fossils) to the development of science and industrial technology, from Wylam Dilly (1813), the world’s oldest steam locomotive, to the decorative arts of ancient Egypt, Islam, China, Japan, Vietnam and the West.

Damba
Stunning Damba, 48 km (30 miles) from Edinburgh, is an east coast holiday and fishing destination. It was the scene of two major wars, both of which ended in Scottish defeat. Edward I invaded Damba in 1296, after which General Monck defeated the Scots here in 1650 and assisted Cromwell in his entry into Edinburgh. John Muir (1838-1914), the pioneer of conservation science and the father of America’s national parks, was born in Danba. John Muir House is the house where he lived as a child and contains exhibits and video data about his life. One of the more exciting excursions is diving at Johnson’s Hole and the coral reefs of Old Harbour.
Gifford
Gifford, 6.4 km (4 miles) south of Haddington, is a picturesque Hamlet. The village began to form in the 17th century and by the 19th century had grown to its present size. The Yester Parish Church is located on Main St, where a monument to John Witherspoon stands. He was one of the signers of the United States Declaration of Independence and was born in this village. To the south of Gifford is the Lammermuir Hills, a winding trail of several trails below. Tourists can buy some bread at a small bakery by the river before they go out, and the women in the bakery will serve you in ancient costumes.
Haddington
Haddington, 29 km (18 mi) east of Edinburgh, is situated on both sides of the River Tyne. The history of Haddington dates back to the 12th century AD, when King David I made Haddington a chartered town. But much of modern Haddington was built after the agricultural Revolution, during the great boom of the 17th to 19th centuries. Haddington is still quite developed and is the administrative centre of the Lothian borough. The most beautiful part of Haddington is Cotter Street, which is lined with trees, wide walkways and ornate buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries.
Border area
If you head south from Edinburgh, you’ll find the charming Tweed Valley – rolling hills, forests, castles, abandoned monasteries and romantic border towns. It’s a great place for cycling and hiking. Although some areas, especially in the west, are desolate and empty, the lush Tweed Valley has been a fertile land for 1,000 years. Most of the population was concentrated in a few burghs (towns, derived from the word “Boer”, meaning the defensive ring formed by the castle). The town was also home to a number of wealthy monasteries, which became the subject of looting and burning during the frontier wars and were destroyed and rebuilt several times. The Abbey of the town was burned down again by the English in the mid-16th century, but this time, due to the Scottish Reforms, the Abbey was never rebuilt. Once peace was restored, the towns began to flourish again. The traditional textile industry here laid the foundation for a large textile industry that has continued to this day.
Shop
Princes Street
Princes Street is Edinburgh’s busiest commercial avenue and traffic line, and is the first place for passengers arriving in Edinburgh from the train station, providing a variety of services in the passenger center on Princes Street.
Starting from the Princess Mall next to the visitor centre, the entire street is filled with shopping shops, department stores and bookstores: Waterstones, Disney Store, Mark & Spencer, Jaeger, Next, Laura Ashley, Gap and hundreds more.
Livingston
In Scotland, Livingston is the best place to buy brands, CK, Burberry, Boss and Armani stores are relatively large, the price is very cheap. Of course, there are also many mid-range brands, the price is about 50% lower than the market price, and there will be greater discounts in the discount month twice a year.
Recreation
Edinburgh is not called the festival city for nothing. Edinburgh’s busiest month of the year is August, and the warm sunshine of that season really makes Edinburgh worthy of this title, the city’s art activities are one after another, and the streets are crowded with tourists from different cultural backgrounds from all over the world. If you dare to defy the harsh Scottish winters, then you may have the chance to see the biggest New Year celebration ever.
The biggest festivals in Scotland are the Edinburgh International Festival and the Experimental Theatre Fringe Festival each August. The two festivals began in 1947 and are the largest and most important arts festivals in the world. At that time, more than 500 amateur and professional performance groups in different parts of the city to perform wonderful and avant-garde performances. At the same time, an eye-opening Edinburgh Military Tattoo will be held in the grounds in front of Edinburgh Castle, as well as a bagpipe performance, which will conclude with a bagpipe solo in tribute to the souls of those who died on the battlefield. Scottish New Year is another major festival in Edinburgh, with events including concerts, street parties and a huge campfire on Calton Hill. In addition, Edinburgh also hosts a number of other major international events: the Edinburgh International Jazz and Blue Modulation in July and August, the Edinburgh International Book Fair in August, the Edinburgh International Film Festival in August, and numerous international events in between.
Public Holidays Edinburgh has plenty of entertainment to offer. The most popular outdoor activities include Holyrood Park, Meadow Park and Bruntsfield Links golf course. There are a lot of good sidewalks in the city, single lanes with road signs throughout, whether it is to visit the city or the suburbs are very convenient. Golf is the most popular leisure sport in Edinburgh, and there are large and small golf courses throughout the city. The area around the city is perfect for bird watching and horse riding. The Bawsinch Nature Reserve is the best place for bird watching. The water in the Firth of Forth is icy and perfect for sailing, so think twice about swimming, or choose to swim indoors!
Honor received
In May 2017, the 12th Conference of the World Low Carbon Cities Alliance awarded Edinburgh the “Sustainable Low Carbon City of the Year Award”.
On December 26, 2019, it ranked 84th on the list of Top 500 Global Cities in 2019.
In April 2020, it was selected into the “2020 Global Summer City List”.