New York, belonging to the state of New York, is the largest city in the United States. It is located at the mouth of the Hudson River on the northeast coast of the United States, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean, and has a temperate continental humid climate. The total area is 1214 square kilometers, with 5 districts under its jurisdiction. The City Hall is located in Manhattan City Hall Park, and as of 2022, the total population is approximately 8.34 million.
New York was originally a Native American residential area. In 1524, Italians arrived at the mouth of the Hudson River. In 1626, the Dutch bought Manhattan Island from Native Americans at a low price and opened a trading post near the mouth of the Hudson River, known as “New Amsterdam”. In 1664, it was occupied by Britain and renamed New York, expanding its scope to neighboring land and Long Island. In 1686, New York City was established. In 1789, New York became the temporary capital of the United States, and the first President Washington was inaugurated here. In the early 1920s, New York surpassed London and became the most populous urban area in the world at that time. After World War II, New York City prospered again and became a world-class metropolis.
New York City is the economic, financial, commercial, trade, cultural, and media center of the United States and even the world. It is one of the three major financial centers in the world, and Wall Street is known as the barometer of the American economy. New York has 120 higher education institutions, including Columbia University and New York University, as well as 2000 art and cultural institutions. It is a global hub for television, advertising, music, newspapers, and book publishing, and also the largest media market in North America. New York has convenient transportation, a dense road network, and developed public transportation. With three international airports, including Kennedy International Airport, New York Port is the busiest port in North America. There are attractions such as Times Square, Statue of Liberty, Central Park, and Metropolitan Museum.
In 2022, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of New York City was $1053 billion, ranking first in the world with a per capita GDP of $126300, making it the wealthiest city in the world.
Historical evolution
In 1492, after Columbus discovered the American continent, colonizers from various European countries rushed to establish colonial trading points, gradually forming a free port here, which was the predecessor of New York.
In 1524, Italian Giovanni da Verrazano arrived at the mouth of the river and became the first recorded European to visit New York.
In 1602, the Netherlands sent Henry Hudson to North America in search of a new paradise. In 1609, he arrived in New York Bay and headed north along the river. The following year, Hudson returned to the Netherlands with North American produce and fur. Many Dutch merchants became highly interested in this resource rich land and settled there. The Dutch named it “New Nederland”.
In 1624, the Dutch established a fur trading point on the island of Gafners, marking the official permanent residency of Europeans in New Netherland.
In 1625, Amherst began construction on Manhattan Island.
In 1626, the Dutch bought Manhattan Island at a low price from the local Native Americans to establish a trading post, and named the place “New Amsterdam” after the Dutch capital Amsterdam.
In 1664, the British fleet arrived in New York, and the Dutch knew they were powerless to fight against it. The Governor of New Netherland, Peter Stayvesant, surrendered and gave up New Amsterdam. The British occupied and renamed New York, expanding its scope to neighboring land and Long Island. King Charles II of England handed over this area to his younger brother, who then moved his territory from Yorkshire to New Amsterdam and changed the place name to “New York”, also known as “New York”.
In 1686, New York City was established.
In 1789, the founding father of the United States, George Washington, was sworn in as the first president in New York City, which was then the capital of the United States.
In 1898, Brooklyn (then an independent city), New York County (including a part of the Bronx), Richmond County, and the western part of Queens County merged to officially become the modern city of New York.
Administrative division
As of 2022, New York City has jurisdiction over five boroughs, including The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. The City Hall is located in the Lower Manhattan City Hall Park.
Geographical environment
Location domain
New York is located at 74 ° 00 ′ west longitude and 40 ° 43 ′ north latitude, at the mouth of the Hudson River on the northeastern coast of the United States, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. It borders New Jersey to the west and Rhode Island to the north, with a total area of 1214 square kilometers, of which 425 square kilometers are water and 789 square kilometers are land.
Topographic features
New York is located on the Hudson River Estuary Plain, with low and flat terrain throughout the city. Its highest elevation is Mount Todd on Staten Island, approximately 124.9 meters, making it the highest elevation on the eastern coast of the United States south of Maine.
Climate
New York has a temperate continental humid climate, with cold winters and cool summers. The average temperature in January is below 0 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 21 ℃. The average annual precipitation is 820-1100 millimeters. The warm season lasts for about 3.5 months, from early June to mid September, with an average daily high temperature of 29 ℃ and low temperature of 22 ℃. The cold season lasts for about 3 months, from early December to early March, with an average daily high temperature of 4 ℃ and a low temperature of -2 ℃. The rainy season is from late March to late August. The rainy season usually accompanies the hurricane season, with relatively few hurricanes and tropical storms, but occasionally occurring.
Hydrology
The Hudson River in New York flows through the Hudson Valley and enters New York Bay, serving as the boundary between New York City and New Jersey. The East River in New York flows through Long Island Bay, separating the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River is located between the East River and the Hudson River, separating the administrative districts of Manhattan and the Bronx. The Bronx River flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, and is the only river in New York City that is all freshwater.
Population
As of 2021, the total population of New York City is approximately 8.8235 million, making it the city with the highest population density in the United States. As of 2022, the total population of New York City is approximately 8.34 million.
New York is an immigrant city. On March 24, 2022, the New York City Mayor’s Office of Immigration (MOIA) released an annual report providing the latest data on the city’s immigrant population. The city has over 3 million immigrants, accounting for 40% of the total population, with approximately 60% of the population being immigrants or second-generation immigrants who speak over 200 languages; The report shows that the city’s population has grown by 8% in the past decade, with the Asian population growing the fastest, ranking first among all ethnic groups, reaching 33.6%; Latinos ranked second with an increase of 6.6%; The population of African Americans and white people has decreased, by 4.5% and 0.1% respectively.
The population of immigrants born abroad is the highest in the Dominican Republic, with 421920 people residing in New York City in 2020; Chinese immigrants ranked second with 32900 people, representing a growth rate of 7.3% over the past decade. 63.6% of the total population of New York City are citizens born in the United States; 36.4% are immigrants, of which 21.5% are naturalized citizens, and the remaining 14.9% include green cards and other residency status.
Politics
The governing bodies of New York City include the City Council and the City Government. The City Council is composed of one member elected from each of the 51 electoral districts in the city, with a term of four years. The Speaker is elected by members of parliament and serves a term of 4 years. The municipal government has one mayor, one auditor, and one public interest coordinator, elected by the citizens, with a term of four years. The Auditor General is the Chief Financial Officer of New York. The public interest coordinator has the authority to initiate legislation, supervise government agencies, coordinate government public relations, and exercise the function of acting mayor when the position of mayor is vacant. The current mayor Eric Adams officially took office in January 2022.
Economic
New York City is the economic, financial, and commercial center of the United States, as well as one of the world’s three major financial centers. The main industries in New York City are finance, high-tech, real estate, insurance, healthcare, etc. The service industry in New York City accounts for 89.9% of the regional economy, with main service categories including law, accounting, finance, management consulting, etc.
New York holds a pivotal position in the US economy, with a relatively complete cluster of manufacturing and service industries, mainly including computer hardware and electronics, industrial machinery and systems, transportation equipment, biopharmaceuticals, material processing, optics and imaging, software, food processing, communication and media, finance and insurance services, etc. High tech industries such as life sciences, nanotechnology, semiconductors, and clean energy are developing rapidly. [23]
New York is not only the financial center of the United States, but also one of the world’s financial centers. For over a century, New York has exerted tremendous global influence in both business and finance. Manhattan Island is the core of New York, with the smallest area among the five districts, only 57.91 square kilometers. But this small island, narrow and north-south long, is the financial center of the United States, with over one-third of the top 500 companies headquartered in Manhattan. Six of the seven major banks and the headquarters of major monopolistic organizations have established central bases here. It also gathers the essence of the world’s finance, securities, futures and insurance industries.
Wall Street, located in the southern part of Manhattan Island, is a symbol of American wealth and economic strength, as well as a stronghold of American monopolistic capital and a synonym for financial oligarchs. There are over 2900 financial and foreign trade institutions on both sides of this narrow street, which is only 540 meters long. The famous New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange are both located here. In the 17th Global Financial Center Index (GFCI17) ranking, New York once again topped the list with the highest score. As one of the eight leaders of global financial centers, the New York Financial Center not only performs well in various financial sub industries such as banking, securities, insurance, and financial management, but also has great influence and radiation internationally.
According to data from the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2019, the gross domestic product of New York City was $1065.149 billion, a year-on-year increase of 1.2%, with a per capita regional gross domestic product of $127700. In 2021, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the New York City region was $1598.39 billion, with a per capita GDP of $181200. [33] Ranked first on the list of the wealthiest cities in the world. In 2022, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the New York City region was $1053 billion, with a per capita GDP of $126300. According to the New York City government’s forecast, the city’s economic growth rate will be about 1.5% in 2023, with an estimated GDP of $1068.8 billion in 2023.
primary industry
New York City has a dense population and high land prices, and the local government has been encouraging the development of urban agriculture. In the 1970s, New York was in a low period, facing a financial crisis where many public and private lands were abandoned. At this time, through actions such as Operation Green Thumb, volunteers renovated the abandoned land and transformed it into community farms for leisure and social activities, food cultivation, or comprehensive purposes. During the peak period, the number of community farms reached up to 700, marking the rapid development of urban agriculture in New York.
After 1993, the urban real estate boom emerged, and a large amount of community agricultural land was requisitioned and development faced obstacles, resulting in a sharp decline in the number. Due to the serious imbalance between social and environmental development, people have begun to pay renewed attention to urban agriculture. The local government has also issued a series of promotion policies to promote the redevelopment of urban agriculture. While the scope has expanded, the models have gradually become more diverse, including personal horticulture, community horticulture, commercial agriculture, indoor agriculture (such as hydroponics and fish vegetable symbiosis), rooftop greenhouses, and so on.
The urban agriculture of the five boroughs of New York has brought many benefits to the local people, such as expanding access to healthy food, establishing a strong community network, improving community air quality, biodiversity, and providing educational and employment opportunities. Urban agriculture in New York can use less land and water resources, produce more agricultural products, meet the food needs of more people, and ensure that the agricultural products planted are non GMO, pesticide free and can be harvested all year round. Agricultural products, including basil, dill, parsley, coriander, broccoli, cabbage, etc., are sold in more than 250 local stores.
Secondary industry
New York has a relatively complete manufacturing industry cluster, mainly including computer hardware and electronics, industrial machinery and systems, transportation equipment, biomedicine, material processing, optics and imaging, software, food processing, etc. High tech industries such as life sciences, nanotechnology, semiconductors, and clean energy are developing rapidly.
The optoelectronic manufacturing industry in New York ranks first in employment in the United States, second in defense electronics manufacturing, and third in high-tech manufacturing.
New York has approximately 26000 factories and over 775000 workers, making it the third largest industrial center in the country after Chicago and Los Angeles. There are numerous industrial sectors, but due to a lack of energy and raw materials, densely populated residential areas, and a huge demand for consumer goods, the clothing and publishing industries are the most prosperous; Next are industries such as chemistry, electrical appliances, metal products, food, cosmetics, toys, and oil refining. Factories that consume a large amount of fuel and raw materials are mostly located along the railway outside the city and along the Long Island coast, including copper refineries and refineries. Along the west coast of Staten Island and across the river on the east coast of the mainland, there are also some refineries located, mainly refining gasoline, jet kerosene, diesel, lubricants, etc., supplying the urban area.
The tertiary industry
New York City is the financial and commercial center of the United States, as well as one of the world’s three major financial centers. The main industries in New York City are finance, high-tech, real estate, insurance, communication media, tourism, etc. The service industry in New York City accounts for 89.9% of the regional economy, with main service categories including law, accounting, finance, management consulting, etc.
More than 1/10 of the Fortune 500 companies are headquartered in New York, ranking first in the United States, including well-known companies such as Citibank, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, and American International Group.
Wall Street is a large street in the southern part of Manhattan, New York City that extends from Broadway Road to the East River. The total length is only one-third of a mile and the width is only 11 meters. The streets are narrow and short, with only 7 sections from Broadway to the East River, but they are known as the “financial center of America” around the world. The management offices of banks, insurance, shipping, railways, and other companies established by the Rothschild, Morgan, Rockefeller Oil, Goldman Sachs, and DuPont consortia in the United States are concentrated here. The famous New York Stock Exchange is also here and still serves as the headquarters of several major exchanges, such as NASDAQ, the American Stock Exchange, and the New York Futures Exchange.
Transportation
Highway
The road network in New York is dense, with multiple bridges and river tunnels connecting the islands belonging to the metropolitan area.
Railway
Amtrak, which operates long-distance and intercity rail passenger transportation, provides services to Pennsylvania Station in New York City. [7] New York also has a complex commuter rail system served by three railway companies, including the Long Island Railroad and New Jersey Rapid Transit serving Pennsylvania Station, and the Metropolitan Northern Railroad serving New York Central Station (also known as Grand Central Station). [8] The entire commuter rail system connects New York City with upstate New York and Long Island, New Jersey, and Connecticut, with a total of over 250 stations and 20 lines.
air transport
New York has three major airports: Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport, and Newark Free International Airport.
John F. Kennedy International Airport, located approximately 24 kilometers from downtown Manhattan in New York City, is not only the main international airport in the Greater New York area, but also a gateway international aviation hub in the United States. Covering an area of approximately 20 square kilometers, in 2019, John F. Kennedy International Airport completed a passenger throughput of 62.551072 million people; The cargo and mail throughput is 1.435213 million tons; Aircraft took off and landed 4560600 times.
Water transport
New York Port is the busiest port in North America and one of the world’s natural deep-water ports. The total length of the New York Harbor coastline is over 1200 kilometers, mainly composed of the lower reaches of the Hudson River, the Long Island Strait, and the western waters of Staten Island; There are over 400 berths with a depth of 9-13 meters, equipped with modern loading and unloading, dry dock, and storage facilities.
There are two main waterways in New York Harbor. One is the Embrous Passage, 16 kilometers long, south of the Hudson River Estuary. Ships entering from the south or east enter New York Bay through this passage and sail to various port areas. The other route is the Long Island Strait and the East River, through which ships entering from the north pass. The narrow waterway at the mouth of the Hudson River has a depth of over 30 meters, while most sections of the East River waterway have a depth of over 18 meters.
Public transit
The sustainability of New York’s public transportation system ranks first in the United States. Form a mass transit system with public transportation modes such as subways, buses, ferries, and commuter railways. Among them, the New York subway is the backbone of public transportation; As an auxiliary subway system, buses operate 24 hours a day in all five administrative regions, with numerous stops, making them very convenient and a highly recommended mode of transportation.
In the process of urbanization development in New York, the waiting environment of bus stations around subway stations and the surrounding pedestrian traffic environment are synchronously renovated, actively improving the connection and transfer conditions between buses and commuter railway stations, adding pedestrian and bicycle lanes that can connect with bus stations, and creating a harmonious state of connection between rail transit, sidewalks, and bus stations. In the Central Business District of New York, 4/5 of people choose public transportation to avoid crowded traffic and high parking fees.
The public transportation system in New York City consists of subways, intercity railways, buses, and ferries, with approximately 46% of bus trips. The bus network covers various administrative regions of the city and is coordinated with the local railway network to form a convenient transportation network.
Transit
The MTA Bus in New York City is distributed throughout the five administrative districts of New York City and is coordinated with the subway network at multiple locations. On average, 5800 buses carry 20000 passengers per day, running on over 200 local and 301 express lines. Their codes are represented by the first English letter of the action (M represents Manhattan, B represents Brooklyn, Q represents Queens, Bx represents the Bronx, and S represents Staten Island). In order to shorten the travel time, some routes have also added direct express trains, specifically designed for passengers on the main roads in the city and near famous scenic spots. The bus terminal is located at the Port Authority Bus Terminal at the intersection of 8th Avenue and 42nd Street. This station is situated at a transportation hub and has a subway station for transfer. It is also the main gateway for interstate buses entering and exiting New York City, as well as for urban and interstate buses, making it the busiest bus terminal in the United States.
In order to ensure smooth urban transportation and convenient travel for citizens, New York City has introduced the public transportation concept of prioritizing public transportation. New York continues to tap into the potential of existing public transportation services, plan rapid transit routes, and improve and enhance surrounding bus services. Continuously strengthen the planning and construction of rapid transit routes, set up dedicated bus lanes and priority signal lights for rapid transit, and renovate dedicated bus lanes to serve rapid transit and high load capacity vehicles; Set up bus lanes in the Central Business District of New York City, with designated driving permissions that only allow buses to pass through; Set up signs prohibiting left or right turns at some major intersections to reduce waiting time for vehicles and increase the number of buses passing through; Increase the spacing between bus stops; Install electronic signage at bus stops to provide citizens with electronic travel information services and improve the waiting space environment of bus stops.
Metro
The New York City Subway (NYCS) is the rapid mass transit system of New York City in the United States. It is one of the most complex and long-standing public underground railway systems in the world and a member of the International Union of Subways (CoMET), operated by the New York Metropolitan Transportation Service. Its first line was opened on October 27, 1904, running between the city government and the intersection of 145th Street/Broadway. The New York City Subway has a total of 472 stations, with a commercial operating route length of 394 kilometers (245 kilometers) and a track length of approximately 1121 kilometers (691 kilometers) for operation, with a total track length of 1370 kilometers (850 kilometers). [5] Although the New York City subway is called the subway, about 40% of its tracks are on the ground or elevated.
For the convenience of passengers shopping and transferring, the New York City subway transfer hub is integrated with bus stops, underground passages, department stores at ground level entrances, and large supermarkets. Passengers can walk no more than five minutes from the bus station to the subway station, achieving seamless transfer between buses and subways.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Transit Hudson (PATH) is another subway system in New York City that connects Manhattan to Jersey City and Hoboken in New Jersey. It is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) and has a length of 22.2 kilometers (excluding overlapping tracks).
The Staten Island Railway (SIR) is an urban rail transit line in New York City that operates entirely on Staten Island and is not directly connected to the New York City subway. Passengers who need to travel to other areas of New York City must take the Staten Island ferry or bus.
Social undertakings
New York City has abundant educational resources, with over 120 higher education institutions such as Columbia University, Cooper Union College, Fordham University, New York University, and the New York Institute of Technology. Citizens have a high level of education. Among the adult population aged 25 and above, 86.8% have received high school education or above, and 60.7% have a bachelor’s degree or above.
New York schools are divided into two categories: public and private. Implement ten years of compulsory education, including six years of primary school, three years of junior high school, and three years of high school. Higher education includes two-year junior colleges and technical colleges, four-year undergraduate programs, and two to four year graduate programs. Famous higher education institutions include Columbia University, New York University, City University of New York, and Fordham University.
Technology industry
After the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, the New York City government and experts believed that the city’s pillar industries could no longer be dominated by finance alone, and that they needed to follow the trend and vigorously promote technological innovation. In 2010, the New York City government took the lead in proposing the goal of building a “global technology innovation center” globally, taking multiple measures and steadily advancing its implementation. In 2019, the Global Innovation City Ranking showed that New York’s innovation index had risen to the top in the world, recognized as a leader in global technology. In 2022, according to the International Science and Technology Innovation Center Index ranking, New York ranked second globally; The industrial sustainability ranks 10th in the Asia Pacific region.
The most representative area that focuses on promoting the development of key technological innovation areas is the Silicon Alley in Manhattan, New York. It is located near the Iron Tower on Fifth Avenue, near Broadway and 23rd Street, spanning both Midtown and Downtown. There are a large number of technological innovation companies gathering here, and high-tech giants such as Google, Facebook, and Microsoft have also set up research and development institutions and business centers here. The rapid rise of Silicon Alley has made it one of the three major technology centers in the United States, along with Silicon Valley in San Francisco and Boston. However, unlike Silicon Valley, New York’s scientific and technological innovation industry does not focus on hardware devices such as chips and semiconductors, but prefers to provide advanced solutions and optimize upgrading for new media, financial technology, the Internet and other fields through research and development of various information technologies, so as to achieve the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with other industries.
There are 56 universities near New York, with numerous world-class research institutions and top technology talents, providing a source of fresh water for technological innovation in New York and stimulating the innovation vitality of various enterprises. The laboratories of well-known universities such as Columbia University and New York University are also constantly cultivating new enterprises, gathering here with other high-tech enterprises and continuously developing, thus forming industrial clusters with computer software and hardware and biotechnology as the core. With its favorable innovation environment, New York has not only stabilized world-renowned high-tech enterprises such as Microsoft and Google, but also attracted numerous small technology enterprises. With the settlement of world leading chip enterprises such as IMB, Intel, Apple and TSMC, New York is building into the world’s largest mobile Internet chip base.
Cultural media
New York City is rich in cultural resources, with over 2000 art and cultural institutions and over 500 galleries. It is the center of the global television, advertising, music, newspaper, and book publishing industry, as well as the largest media market in North America. [22] Including Time Warner, Associated Press, News Corporation, New York Times, NBC Global, Viacom Group, etc. The four major broadcasting companies in the United States, ABC (American Broadcasting Corporation), CBS (Columbia Broadcasting Corporation), Fox (Fox News Channel), and NBC (National Broadcasting Corporation), all have their headquarters in New York. Seven of the world’s top eight advertising media are headquartered in New York, and Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group, among the world’s three major record companies, are also headquartered in New York. In New York City, the cultural industry is the only industry that can compare with the economic benefits of Wall Street, with approximately tens of billions of funds flowing in the cultural market every year. [29]
On less than 60 square kilometers of land on Manhattan Island in the heart of New York, cultural landmarks are everywhere. In the theater area around Times Square, 41 Broadway theaters are clustered together; At the northern end of Fifth Avenue, there are 10 museums, including the Metropolitan Museum, the Guggenheim Museum, and the African Art Museum, lining up one mile in a row; Near Columbus Square, there is the world’s largest performing arts complex, the Lincoln Center for Performing Arts, covering an area of 66000 square meters. The world-renowned New York Symphony Orchestra, Metropolitan Opera House, and New York City Ballet all reside here. In addition, the Museum of Modern Art, Carnegie Hall, Museum of Natural History, and Off Broadway Theater are scattered throughout various corners of New York City, including Manhattan. Strolling through various neighborhoods in New York, one may inadvertently come across sculptures, former residences, squares, and more that exude a strong cultural atmosphere.
Broadway performances are an important symbol of American culture and the most typical representative of New York’s cultural industry. The decisive factor for the success of Broadway performances, which have gone through a century of history, remains the love and passion of American intellectuals and artists for Broadway performances, musicals and plays, as well as the creativity and imagination inspired by this love and passion.
Medical industry
The overall level of medical conditions in New York is extremely high, with well-equipped facilities. The institutions providing medical care mainly include hospitals, doctor’s clinics, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, independent diagnosis and treatment centers, and independent pharmacies. Large hospitals are equipped with advanced medical testing equipment and operating rooms, mainly providing medical services for emergency patients and major difficult patients. Ordinary patients usually go to the community doctor’s clinic for medical treatment. Community doctor clinics have the characteristics of small scale, large quantity, wide distribution, and convenient medical treatment. They usually provide basic medical services such as full body examinations, disease follow-up, family health care, general internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, etc.
New York drugs are divided into prescription drugs and non prescription drugs. The purchase of “prescription drugs” must be accompanied by a doctor’s prescription, and “prescription drugs” must be sold by a licensed pharmacist working in the pharmacy. Some supermarkets and discount stores also have pharmacies where you can purchase over-the-counter drugs (non prescription) that do not require a doctor’s prescription, such as aspirin or regular cold medicine. Overall, commonly used drugs can be purchased locally.
The New York medical insurance institutions have significant constraints on hospitals. Due to the high cost of hospitalization, insurance companies require patients to stay in acute hospitals or short term hospitals for 5-7 days (entering the recovery period) in order to control medical expenses and minimize their length of stay. They then transfer patients to relatively low-cost nursing homes (SNFs, Skilled Nursing Facilities) or family care centers, or directly follow up with community doctors. In case of emergencies, one usually chooses to seek medical attention at the Emergency Center.
Sports industry
New York City has a large number of entertainment and fitness venues that are suitable for all seasons. There are parks, playgrounds, golf courses, riverside leisure paths, indoor sports arenas, and daily member clubs. Activities include kayaking, fishing, swimming, gymnastics, rock climbing, horse riding, ice skating, cycling, and more. There are still plenty of opportunities to watch professional tennis, hockey, basketball, rugby, and baseball games. You can also watch Yankee superstars Derek Jeter and CC Sabathia play at a famous baseball field in New York (before the new Yankee Stadium opened in 2009).
Social security
Social welfare in New York is divided into two types: social insurance and non social insurance. Belonging to social insurance welfare projects include: disability insurance, unemployment insurance, and other employment insurance; Non social insurance welfare programs include subsidies for families facing difficulties in raising children, social security income, food vouchers, medical subsidies, housing subsidies, and energy subsidies. The healthcare system in New York mainly consists of two parts: federal healthcare insurance and government healthcare subsidies
The social security system in New York mainly consists of two major parts, namely OASDI (Elderly, Survivor, and Disability Insurance) and SSI (Supplementary Security Income Plan). OASDI refers to the monthly protection provided to retired employees, survivors, people with disabilities, and their families who have reduced or no income. The retirement insurance or disability benefits for employees (elderly people) are determined by their income level during their employment. SSI refers to monthly cash assistance provided to elderly people aged 65 and above, as well as blind and disabled individuals (including children) in all age groups.
The medical insurance system in New York consists of social medical insurance and private medical insurance. Due to the high cost of medical treatment in New York, without purchasing insurance, individuals will find it difficult to bear the huge medical expenses. Therefore, many people participate in both social medical insurance and private medical insurance.
Historical and Cultural
Origin of place names
Although New York City is generally written as “New York City”, “City of New York” is the official name. New York, meaning “New Yorkshire” – After the end of the Anglo Dutch War, the Netherlands was forced to cede New Amsterdam to England due to their defeat. It happened to be the birthday of the Duke of York, the brother of King Charles II of England, so New Amsterdam was renamed as New Yorkshire as a gift to the Duke of York. In addition, at the beginning of the twentieth century, New York was a new world for immigrants, and opportunities were everywhere. Therefore, New York is often nicknamed “the Big Apple”, which means “beautiful, delicious, and everyone wants to take a bite.”.
The official Latin name of New York City is Novum Eboracum, which means “New Eboracum” on the city emblem. Among them, Abraham is the Latin old name of York during the Roman Empire.
Specialty cuisine
The food culture in New York has been influenced by many immigrants, making it very diverse. The immigrants from Eastern Europe and Italy brought the city’s most famous bagels, cheesecakes, and New York style pizzas. There are about 4000 licensed snack vendors in the city, many of whom are operated by immigrants, so many Middle Eastern foods can be seen on the streets, such as fried bean balls and lamb skewers. However, hot dogs and salt and pepper rolls are still mainstream snack vendors. In addition to street vendors, New York City is also a gathering place for high-end restaurants. Common exotic cuisines in New York City include Italian, French, Spanish, Russian, British, Greek, Moroccan, Chinese, Brazilian, and Japanese cuisine. There are over 18000 restaurants in New York City that offer a wide range of flavors from Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Jamaica, and other countries.
New York has the largest Jewish community in the United States and is the city with the most Jewish people in the country. Chinese cuisine has become a part of the daily diet of New York Jews. Professor Li Wen from City University of New York and Professor Tuckman from Connecticut University have found that among the Jewish community in New York, Jews from Eastern Europe have already internalized Chinese cuisine as a secondary diet. One of the reasons is religious precepts. Jews must strictly abide by the laws of ingredients and cooking, which prohibit dairy products from being cooked with meat. This often troubled a large number of Jewish immigrants to New York in the early 19th century, as it was difficult to find foreign restaurants that could cook food according to the law. Subsequently, Jews discovered that Chinese cuisine almost never combines dairy products with meat, and was referred to as “safe non Jewish food” by Jews, becoming the preferred choice for takeout.
Jews like chicken dishes, and there are many delicious chicken dishes in Chinese cuisine. The seasoning of onions, garlic, and onions favored by Eastern European Jews is also similar to Chinese cuisine. Chinese cuisine in the United States has developed a special sweet and greasy sweet and sour taste to cater to American tastes, which happens to be similar to the sweet and sour taste favored by Eastern European Jews.
Scenic spots
In New York City, whether it’s traditional landmarks or any little-known small place you visit, you can see unforgettable attractions. From the famous Statue of Liberty, Wall Street, Broadway, to various exquisite and compact museums and art galleries, all showcase a bustling and profound New York City from different perspectives.
Foreign exchanges
international organization
City Honors
November 2018
New York has been rated as an Alpha++world-class city by GaWC.
December 2018
New York won the 4th Guangzhou International City Innovation Award.
September 2019
New York ranked first in the 2019 World Tourism City Development Rankings.
November 12, 2019
New York ranked first in the “Top 20 Global Urban Economic Competitiveness in 2019”.
2019
Among the top 20 global sustainable competitiveness, New York ranks third.
December 26, 2019
New York ranked first on the 2019 Global Cities 500 list.
September 2021
The New York metropolitan area ranked second in the Nature Index – Research Cities 2021 released by the Zhongguancun Forum.
September 2021
The 30th Global Financial Center Index (GFCI) was released, with New York ranking first.
March 24, 2022
New York ranked first in the 31st issue of the Global Financial Center Index.
December 28, 2022
New York ranks second in the “2022 Global Famous Esports City”.
April 2023
New York has been selected as one of the top ten wealthiest cities in the world, ranking first.
June 2023
New York has been listed as a leading global consumer center city in 2023.
